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Rohtak district

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Rohtak district
District of Haryana
Academic block, IIM Rohtak
Academic block, IIM Rohtak
Location in Haryana
Location in Haryana
Coordinates (Rohtak): 28°32′N 76°20′E / 28.54°N 76.34°E / 28.54; 76.34 - 28°54′N 76°34′E / 28.90°N 76.57°E / 28.90; 76.57
Country India
StateHaryana
DivisionRohtak
HeadquartersRohtak
Tehsils1. Rohtak,
2. Meham,
3. Kalanaur 4.Sampla
Government
 • Superintendent of PoliceSh. Udai Singh Meena, IPS
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesRohtak
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies1. Rohtak,
2. Meham,
3. Kalanaur,
4. Kiloi-Sampla
Area
 • Total
1,745 km2 (674 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
1,061,204
 • Density610/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
 • Urban
35.06%
Demographics
 • Literacy74.56%
 • Sex ratio947
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH-10, NH-71A
Websiterohtak.nic.in

Rohtak district is a district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in the southeast of the state and northwest of Delhi, bounded by Jind and Sonipat districts to the north, Jhajjar and Sonipat districts to the east, and Hissar, Charkhi Dadri, and Bhiwani districts to the west. Rohtak city is the district headquarters.

History

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Wreckage of an Ilyushin Il-76TD, from Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, fell in Rohtak District as part of the Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision.[1]

Divisions

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The district consists of two sub-divisions, Rohtak and Meham. Rohtak tehsil is further divided into three community development blocks, Rohtak, Kalanaur and Sampla. Meham tehsil is further divided into two community development blocks, Meham and Lakhan-Majra.

Economy

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The economy of the district is primarily agricultural. About 42.18 of the total workers are engaged in agriculture and allied activities, 7.68% in cottage and household industries and the rest in other activities.[citation needed]. Education and health are other emerging sectors in the city. The city hosts the world's leading precision screw manufacturing facilities, which supplies screws to domestic and international markets. The city has dairies and a sugar mill. Rohtak City is also a regional center for textile and gold jewellery making.

Japanese township

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The Japanese township is planned to be set up near Madina village, 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) from Rohtak city Ashoka, along NH9 towards Meham. It will include several big industries and commercial offices.[2]

Art and cultural heritage

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The art and architectural heritage of the town is in utter neglect.[original research?] Until a decade ago,[when?] the old city alleys and railway road had about 50 havelis (mansions) built in traditional architectural styles. Many stone facades with carvings and motifs were stripped from the walls and sold to heritage traders for paltry sums.[citation needed] Muslim masons did all the decorative work in stone and fabricated woodcrafted door sets in these havelis. The rise of commerce and paucity of space forced the owners to demolish the old structures for building shopping complexes.[citation needed] There is no policy with the state government or city fathers to protect the heritage of the city. In spite of a local chapter of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) functioning in the district, not much except listing of valuable properties could be done because most heritage properties are in private ownership and INTACH's local chapter does not have funds or the infrastructure to carry out listing and conservation work.[original research?]

However, Ranbir Singh, a cultural historian and formerly co-convenor of the state chapter of INTACH, functioning from Rohtak, has documented extensively in the last 25 years the art and architectural heritage not only of the Rohtak District but also the entire Haryana on his own.[citation needed] He has a large collection of photographs of the heritage properties besides documenting history of the heritage value buildings, historical villages and towns of the district.[citation needed] Early in 2009, Singh completed detailed profiles of about 40 heritage value properties both in private as well as public domain with photographs and handed over the documents to the convener of the Haryana chapter of INTACH. This documentation, appreciated both by architects as well as art historians,[citation needed] has also been placed for reference in the archives in the central library of INTACH Headquarters located at Lodi Estate, New Delhi.[citation needed]

Architectural descriptions of several properties including many topics that belong to the life and culture of the people of Haryana have been published in an illustrated book, Traditions of North India - Art, Crafts and Architecture of Haryana, authored by Bhup Singh Gulia and edited and contributed by Ranbir Singh. A couple of illustrated articles on the old skills of woodcrafts persons of Haryana are under consideration of publication in Marg, a magazine on art and culture. This magazine also published his illustrated article on the antiquity of Farrukhnagar (dist. Gurgaon) in issue No.63 (2).

The 12th-century Asthal Bohar Monastery has also been modernized by its present Mahant Chand Nath.[citation needed] The oldest shrine at this place was built above the Smadh of Sidh Baba Chaurangi Nath (Bhagat Pooran Mall, son of Raja Shalivan of Sialkot, now in Pakistan) under which also lay the grave of Sidh Baba Masth Nath who lived in the mid-eighteenth-century AD. The shrine of Sidh Baba Tota Nath, in this campus, had frescoes painted in the early nineteenth century and done in Rajput style. Some of these near the dome have had the colors chipped off and are fading fast. The present Mahant was indifferent to the preservation of these fine frescoes, which are very important for art historians. In January 2012, Chand Nath, the present Mahant of the Mutt, had all the old memorial chhatris that belonged to Siddh Baba Mast Nath, Tota Nath, Megh Nath, Mohar Nath and Chet Nath demolished in one go to create way for a fabulously planned temple structure to be raised on the same lines as that of Akshardham at Delhi. Along with these, the old vestiges of frescoes in the chhatris too are gone. It is heartening to note the monuments and frescoes were preserved as images by Ranbir Singh, the renowned cultural historian of Haryana.[citation needed]

Similarly, in 2007, the carved stone facade of the Digambar Jain Mandir in Barra Bazar was stripped off and sold just for Rs.1 lakh (about US $2500) in the year 2006. It was a precious piece of art. Several havelis situated in the old city and railway road are giving way to modern buildings, thus depriving the city of its traditional and character.[original research?] Many large villages around Rohtak city could boast of many fine buildings that had decorative elements and traditional architecture. Now, these are in bad condition and crumbling.

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901262,040—    
1911226,051−1.47%
1921243,695+0.75%
1931254,606+0.44%
1941301,394+1.70%
1951343,962+1.33%
1961433,167+2.33%
1971545,879+2.34%
1981659,644+1.91%
1991776,966+1.65%
2001940,128+1.92%
20111,061,204+1.22%
source:[3]

According to the 2011 census Rohtak district had a population of 1,061,204,[4] roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus[5] or the US state of Rhode Island.[6] This gives it a ranking of 428th in India (out of a total of 640).[4] The district had a population density of 607 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,570/sq mi) .[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.61%.[4] Rohtak had a sex ratio of 947 females for every 1000 males,[4] and a literacy rate of 80.4%. Scheduled Castes make up 20.44% of the population.[4]

Out of the total geographical area of the district, 83% is under cultivation. The main crops are wheat, gram, sugarcane and bajra. There is no perennial river in the district. However, the district has many canals.

Languages

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Languages of Rohtak district (2011)[7]

  Haryanvi (76.94%)
  Hindi (17.87%)
  Punjabi (3.95%)
  Others (1.24%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.94% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 17.87% Hindi and 3.95% Punjabi as their first language.[7] Saraiki is also spoken by migrated people from Saraiki region.

Religion

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Religion in Rohtak district (2011)[8]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 98.37%
Islam
 
 0.77%
Other or not stated
 
 0.86%
Religion in Rohtak District
Religious
group 		2011[8]
Pop. %
Hinduism 1,043,887 98.37%
Islam 8,185 0.77%
Sikhism 3,916 0.37%
Christianity 732 0.07%
Others 4,484 0.42%
Total Population 1,061,204 100%
Religious groups in Rohtak District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group 		1881[9][10][11] 1891[12] 1901[13] 1911[14][15] 1921[16] 1931[17] 1941[18]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism [a] 468,905 84.7% 499,957 84.67% 533,723 84.63% 450,549 83.21% 629,592 81.52% 655,963 81.42% 780,474 81.61%
Islam 79,510 14.36% 85,515 14.48% 91,687 14.54% 86,076 15.9% 125,035 16.19% 137,880 17.11% 166,569 17.42%
Jainism 5,000 0.9% 4,794 0.81% 5,087 0.81% 4,369 0.81% 7,010 0.91% 6,375 0.79% 6,847 0.72%
Sikhism 159 0.03% 154 0.03% 94 0.01% 161 0.03% 602 0.08% 596 0.07% 1,466 0.15%
Christianity 34 0.01% 55 0.01% 80 0.01% 334 0.06% 10,033 1.3% 4,807 0.6% 1,043 0.11%
Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Zoroastrianism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Judaism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 553,609 100% 590,475 100% 630,672 100% 541,489 100% 772,272 100% 805,621 100% 956,399 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Rohtak District (1921)[16]
Tehsil Hinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Rohtak Tehsil 154,959 77.12% 42,368 21.09% 164 0.08% 2,081 1.04% 1,367 0.68% 0 0% 200,939 100%
Jhajjar Tehsil 189,386 88.55% 23,260 10.88% 71 0.03% 951 0.44% 198 0.09% 0 0% 213,866 100%
Gohana Tehsil 138,930 79.26% 31,013 17.69% 299 0.17% 2,458 1.4% 2,591 1.48% 0 0% 175,291 100%
Sonipat Tehsil 146,317 80.32% 28,394 15.59% 68 0.04% 4,543 2.49% 2,854 1.57% 0 0% 182,176 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Rohtak District (1941)[18]
Tehsil Hinduism [a] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[c] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Rohtak Tehsil 196,993 74.62% 64,026 24.25% 481 0.18% 243 0.09% 2,234 0.85% 7 0% 263,984 100%
Jhajjar Tehsil 230,090 88.63% 29,132 11.22% 176 0.07% 48 0.02% 174 0.07% 0 0% 259,620 100%
Gohana Tehsil 176,682 81.5% 38,136 17.59% 196 0.09% 11 0.01% 1,752 0.81% 10 0% 216,787 100%
Sonipat Tehsil 176,709 81.81% 35,275 16.33% 613 0.28% 724 0.34% 2,687 1.24% 0 0% 216,008 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Education

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The Indian Institute of Management Rohtak was established in 2010. Maharishi Dayanand University in Rohtak city was established in 1976. There are 22 colleges within the city, including four engineering colleges and two polytechnics for technical education. Recently[when?] several educational institutions offering various technical and engineering courses including B.Ed. have come up in the district. Rohtak has the best medical college and health university in the state, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, which recently[when?] become 12th top medical college in India,[citation needed] offers all the medical courses including M.B.B.S, M.D, M.S, D.M, MCH and B.D.S, MDS.[citation needed]

The city has both state-run and private schools.[citation needed]

Transport

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Rohtak is well connected by a rail and road network to neighbouring cities and states. It is located on the National Highway 9, which is just 70 km away from the national capital, Delhi. NH 71 A is also its lifeline and forms one of the main commercial roads of India on which thousands of heavy vehicles and cars ply daily.

Rohtak Junction is the major railway station in Rohtak district. It is also a railway junction and is connected by railway to Delhi, Chandigarh via Gohana, Jind, Bhiwani, and Rewari vai Jhajjar. In the railway budget of 2012-13, the government of India approved a direct railway line connection between Rohtak and Hansi, via its Meham tehsil.

Villages

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Civil aviation aircraft accident summary for the year 1996 (PDF) (Report). Directorate General of Civil Aviation. p. 8/18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2015.
  2. ^ "Government to set up Japanese township in Rohtak". The Times of India. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.
  3. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  4. ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  5. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
  6. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Rhode Island 1,052,567
  7. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India..
  8. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  10. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  11. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  12. ^ "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". 1891. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  13. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  15. ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  18. ^ a b India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Asan". 2011 Census of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  20. ^ "Welcome to Morkheri Village (Rohtak)". haryana21.com. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  1. ^ a b 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
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